Development of a Low-Alloy Steel Stress-Strain Curve Simulation Model Using the Ramberg-Osgood Approach
Keywords:
Low-alloy steel, stress-strain curve, ramberg-Osgood, strain hardening exponent, material simulationAbstract
The stress-strain curve is essential information in the analysis of material mechanical behavior; however, obtaining the curve directly requires specialized testing that is not always available. On the other hand, standard tensile test parameters such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction in area are commonly available from routine material testing. This study addresses this condition by developing a low-alloy steel stress-strain curve simulation model based on the Ramberg-Osgood equation using these four mechanical parameters as the primary inputs. The main parameter in this model is the strain hardening exponent (n), which is calculated directly from the available mechanical data. The calculated n values ranged from 1.992 to 38.211, with an average value of 14.17, which is consistent with the general characteristics of low-alloy steels. The simulated curves exhibited profiles consistent with the behavior of ductile metals, where each specimen produced different plastic deformation characteristics according to its respective mechanical properties. Internal validation demonstrated that the simulated curves showed complete agreement with the mechanical input parameters, without deviation across all analyzed samples. The results indicate that low-alloy steel stress-strain curves can be accurately reconstructed using only conventional tensile test data. Therefore, the developed model has the potential to serve as a practical solution for generating stress-strain curves when complete experimental curve data are unavailable but required for further engineering analysis
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Copyright (c) 2026 Yuda Perdana Kusuma, Nasrullah, Hooi Peng Lim, Muchlisinalahuddin, Muhammad Rabiu Abbas
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